This dissertation examines women's labor relations in the southeastern region of Pará State between 1972 and 1985, drawing on journalistic data, census records, and labor court cases filed by women in the region. The research investigates the dynamics of gender, class, and power that shaped the social and economic environment of the period, constructing a panorama of women’s labor at both the national and, primarily, regional levels during the late 20th century. Additionally, it explores the potential and limitations of labor court cases as sources for historical reconstruction, grounded in gender theories and documentation preserved by the Center for Reference in History and Memory of Southern and Southeastern Pará (CRHM/Unifesspa). Adopting a feminist theoretical framework, the study examines how women confronted structural oppression imposed by the judicial system and society. Methodologically, qualitative research was employed to analyze procedural and journalistic materials, while quantitative methods supported the interpretation of census data. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the dynamics of oppression and resistance experienced by these women, expanding knowledge about their struggles for labor rights and dignity within a historical context marked by structural inequalities. By situating these experiences within the historical and political context preceding the 1988 Constitution, the research sheds light on the limitations and possibilities of justice for women in a peripheral region. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of their trajectories of struggle for labor rights and dignity, offering valuable insights into their collective and individual efforts for recognition and justice.

This study aims to provide an overview of contemporary slavery in Brazil, with an emphasis on the southeastern region of Pará, by analyzing the legal mechanisms of repression and prevention and their effectiveness in achieving human rights based on the friendly agreement in the “José Pereira Case”, reached with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in 2003, considered an important step in addressing this major problem. Based on the aforementioned case, a milestone in the fight against slave-like labor in Brazil, the social issues that force underprivileged people to submit to situations of exploitation, abuse, and oppression by recruiters and employers, who are aware of the State’s failure to act, will also be raised. The important historical role of the issue will be demonstrated, pointing out the need to precisely define the concept of “slave-like labor”, as well as assessing the measures to combat this practice in Brazilian territory after the friendly agreement between Brazil and the IACHR. To carry out this work, the following documentary sources were mobilized: the criminal proceedings of the “José Pereira Case”, currently underway at the Federal Regional Court (TRF) of the 1st region/judicial subsection of Marabá/PA; the archives of the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), based on its conflict notebooks; data from the website of the International Labor Organization (ILO), based on conventions that deal with human labor conditions, some of which have been ratified by Brazil; and, finally, interviews and investigative research conducted by the NGO Reporter Brasil. It also demonstrates how the slow processing of cases in the judiciary favors impunity and encourages the continuation of the abject practice of dominating men to exploit their labor force.

This research was carried out from 2021 to 2022 and aimed to understand how Indigenous School Education has been implemented at the Indigenous State School for Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education (EEIEIFM) Rõnõre Kapêre Temejàkrekatê. As a guiding point for the maintenance of cultural practices and the memory of the community, in addition to problematizing Indigenous School Education as a space for valuing and reaffirming the identity of the Akrãtikatêjê People. This village is located on BR 222 - Km 15, in the Mãe Maria Indigenous Land, Aldeia Akrãtikatêjê in the municipality of Bom Jesus do Tocantins - PA, in this sense, we mobilized a documentary corpus consisting of writings about the trajectory of the Akrãtikatêjê people, bringing together authors who have already researched the Akrãtikatêjê People, researching the Pedagogical Political Project, published laws that address indigenous school legislation, bibliography on Indigenous School Education and oral reports, collected through the methodology of Oral History. In this investigation, we seek to perceive the challenges and advances regarding the maintenance of history and cultural practices in the school environment of the Akrãtikatêjê indigenous people. The fieldwork found that the redefinition of the concept and role of the indigenous school was one of the important milestones in the consolidation of the indigenous society project and in the rupture of the colonial school model.

The dissertation aims to analyze the curricular component of History, through the institutional documents that guide three courses of the modality of High School Integrated to professional education of IFPA/Câmpus Marabá Industrial. The documents gathered for this research were: laws, decrees, ordinances, opinions and resolutions that address Professional Education in Brazil, as well as institutional documents of IFPA analyzed through the methodology of document analysis. The aim of this analysis was to identify the space of the curricular component of History within the curricular matrices of the courses integrated to High School of Informatics, Electromechanics and Environmental Control. With the changes that occurred in the country in recent years in the educational area, such as the reformulation of High School, the emergence of the National Common Curricular Base - BNCC and the updating of some guidelines, the Federal Institutes were pressured to adapt to the new educational policies. Thus, there were curricular changes: the subjects of general formation lost space and the component of History was one of the subjects that suffered loss of workload. For this research, we used the methodology of documentary research of qualitative nature with the intention of deepening the scientific knowledge about the school curriculum, specifically the curricular matrices of the courses of Technical Education Integrated to High School. The results showed that, with the determination of updating the PPCs of the courses, following the new guidelines, at Câmpus Marabá Industrial, in two courses of High School Integrated, the curricular component of History lost space and workload in the curricular matrices, starting to compose together with other subjects new curricular components.

This proposal intends to discuss and analyze the process of construction of sanctity and popular devotion to the child Diene Ellen dos Reis, popularly known as "the saint of Marambaia", murdered on the eve of the Day of the Dead in 1973. This religious manifestation started at the São Jorge cemetery, located in the Marambaia neighborhood - Belém do Pará - Brazil, still at her burial on November 9, 1973, being this devotion present since that time. In the Amazonian cultural context, this work intends to reflect: which representations can be addressed by popular religiosity? What is the importance of the practice of ex-votos? What kind of individual and collective memory can be established to the grave of the child Diene by the residents of the Marambaia neighborhood in Belém do Pará? Which debates can be established and related to contemporary historiographical discussions? We seek to investigate the religious universe around the figure of Diene, with the purpose of perceiving the scope and cultural understanding of "non-ecclesial" devotions, their sociocultural representation and their singularities that we believe are important for historiographical debates in Amazonian contexts. 

The research analyzes the forms of transmission, elaboration and re-elaboration built over time by the narrators of the Gavião people in the myth Pỳt mẽ Kaxêre (sun and moon) and Hákti mẽ Kuhý (hawk and fire). The myths of “Sol e Lua” and “Gavião e Fogo” relate, among others, to the process of creation of the world, the emergence of the skills of the Gavião people and the fabric of alterity with other indigenous and non-indigenous societies. In this sense, they are recurrently used both to explain the ancestral past, festivals and struggles for survival in the most recent past of contact with the Western world, as well as being re-elaborated based on historical contacts and transformations, such as the forced displacement to Indigenous Land Mãe Maria, in southeastern Pará, the impact of predatory extractive practices, as well as the relationship with the said undertakings of the mining company Vale S/A and Eletronorte. Thus, the mythical narration in this dissertation deals not with the versions or translations of the myth itself, but mainly with how certain indigenous narrators mobilize, within the historical and cultural conditions of contact, one of the most significant predicatives of the myth, which would be its aspect transformational. Anchored in the methodological contributions of Oral History and in the interface with the anthropological literature, interviews were carried out with masters of culture, leaders and with some young people. The myths are presented in the voice of the narrators as a reading key to strengthen relations of resistance against Western economic undertakings, propose strategies to settle internal rivalries between the multiple villages and, above all, surprise the alleged appropriations of the Christian religion that is present in the countless evangelical churches, mainly because it encompasses Christian teachings and passages from biblical texts to elements typical of the mythological Timbira.

This dissertation aims to analyze information, data and documents produced by the Armed Forces, in search of traces of cases of serious human rights violations practiced in the Guerrilha do Araguaia in the 1970s. The Guerrilha do Araguaia was a revolutionary movement that tried to weaken the national political system implemented by the military, through armed struggle, but which actually became the scene of a wave of murders, disappearances, among other insurgencies, moved by the Armed Forces. Using document analysis of reports on the execution of military operations, in addition to bibliographical references, the research has as its background the presence of repression in the Araguaia-Tocantins territory. As a result, it is clear that military operations tried to mask the political domination of certain regional groups, especially with the presence of the Army as a force of repression against all those who were against 'sovereignty', still using the Armed Forces as an instrument of intelligence and co-option in the region's political-social scenario.

This dissertation brings a study of the Festa do Divino Espírito Santo and its cultural practices in the city of Marabá (PA), questioning the patrimonial potential of the Festival, as well as the possibility of operating Heritage Education and the Festa do Divino as a strategy to teach the “local history”. In order to understand the occurrence of the Festa do Divino in Marabá, we used ethnography and the methodology of Oral History as a methodology, through which we developed a "participant observation" of the parties, and oral life history interviews, with thematic clippings, along with to divine leaders. From a historical perspective, the Festa was approached and analyzed not as a static past, but as something that meets the demands and representations of a social group in the present. We highlight the path of constitution of the modern notion of Cultural Heritage, which is mobilized together with the conception of popular culture and intangible heritage. Important items to reflect the notion of cultural references and the significance of the Festa do Divino for a part of the Maraba community. From these data and considering the status of Intangible Heritage of the Municipality conquered by the festivity, we investigated the presence or not of the Festa do Divino Espírito Santo and its narratives, in History classes from the 6th to the 9th year of Elementary School, at EMEF Profa. Judith Gomes Leitão, located in the Marabá Pioneira Nucleus.

A partir da segunda metade do seculo XIX é possivel perceber um crescente movimento de buscas por liberdade cativa por todo o império brasileiro. Diversas ferramentas foram forjadas e utilizadas para que a abolição fosse alcançada pelas diferentes províncias que o constituiam e, nesse mister, a crescente influência da imprensa no cenário nacional tornou-se fundamental para a abolição do elemento servil. Assim, o presente estudo realiza um exame analítico através de periódicos que circulavam nas províncias grão-paraense e, em menor medida, na província cearense apontando para alguns contornos dos movimentos pela abolição através dos ideais de liberdade que transitavam pelo império, bem como, a representação e mobilização da figura de Luiz Gama nesses espaços de atuação. Nossas análises nos colocaram diante de diversos excertos jornalísticos que nos ajudaram a definir os contornos que a busca pela liberdade na província grão-paraense tomou entre os anos de 1870 a 1888, de igual modo, nossa preocupação acadêmica também virou-se para a busca pela representação e evocação a memória de Luiz Gama enquanto um representante/potencial simbólico de um abolicionismo que transitou entre os meios legais, a própria imprensa (já mencionada) e defesa de decisões mais enérgicas quanto a abolição do elemento servil. Desse modo, temos na construção desta pesquisa uma linha de análise que julgamos necessária para compressão de nossas hipóteses, qual seja, a apresentação da historiografia pertinente ao tema, análise de fontes jornalísticas que nos ajudam a perceber as nuances da escravidão e das bases constitutivas da abolição, com especial destaque para as províncias do Grão-Pará e Ceará e, como aspecto especifico de nossas análises, a representação e mobilização do potencial simbólico da figura de Luiz Gama nesses dois territórios.

This research presents projects and actions carried out by the Municipal Education Department of Marabá - PA regarding the implementation of Federal Law 10.639 between the years 2003 to 2019, in the teaching of History, especially about the segment described as Elementary School II. This investigation was carried out through the analysis of written documents (produced by the Municipal Department of Education) and oral documents (interviews and informal conversations). About documents, we analyze the Curriculum Proposals of the country (from 2006 and 2019, PME, Summary of historic formation, project, reports, folder/file, NUPED logbook, guidelines and training reports and management produced by training of the Secretary of Education). When reflecting on the responsibility of the municipality/SEMED in the process of implementing Federal Law 10.639, we verify that it did not show concrete commitment to implement it. The country did not create any device/policy that would guarantee its applicability. However, activities were carried out through the formation of History teachers, that is, the trainers teachers realize discussions, seminars, lectures including university teachers, movement literacies of black peoples, among others. In relation the Curriculum Proposals of 2006 and 2019, the legislation relevant to the debate appeared only in the last one, even so, without proper depth.

O projeto de pesquisa O movimento de libertação dos presos do Araguaia, dos antecedentes do Conflito do Cajueiro, ao ecoar dos eventos fundiários da Amazônia paraense. (1980-1984), tem o objetivo de analisar os conflitos agrários na Amazônia na década de 1980, tendo como foco de análise a localidade de Cajueiro, área do município de São Geraldo do Araguaia (sudeste do Pará), na qual os conflitos pela posse de terra tiveram uma considerável repercussão pelo envolvimentos nos mesmos de trabalhadores rurais, lideranças religiosas, fazendeiros e órgãos dos governos federal e estadual. As principais fontes a serem utilizadas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, além das leituras teóricas e historiográficas, serão as documentais, hemerográficas, imagéticas e fontes orais.

The present work aims at understanding how local history has been taught inside the contents of History as a discipline for the 6th to 9th grades of Fundamental Teaching in two state schools of the municipality of Parauapebas (PA) – Chico Mendes II and Carlos Drummond de Andrade, between the years of 2014 and 2019. The two chosen schools belong to the oldest of the town. In this work, we comprehend the teaching of History as a border place, a relevant content for the teaching of Ground Education. We have dealt with bibliographical sources which have allowed us to establish connections between Parauapebas (PA), the southeastern part of Pará and Legal Amazon. The documental corpus that we have drawn upon is composed by Pedagogical Routines, the Contents of History for the 6th to 9th grades, all of them elaborated by the Municipal Secretary of Education for the purpose of being used in state schools between the years of 2014 and 2019, along with the Political-Pedagogical Projects pertaining to the two schools, as well as interviews with three teachers and one worker from the Municipal Secretary of Education (Semed). Our upshots point to the presence of local history contents for the grades cited, with a significative concentration in the 6th to 9th grades. The curricular discipline of History counts with few classes if we take into account the amount of topics forseen in the teaching plan. In spite of the lack of class disponibility, it is possible to assign efforts to insert discussions entailing local history in connection to the Amazon and wider contexts. This matter takes place because of the lack of didactic-pedagogical material formulated for classes of local history. However, the insertion of this content in the aforementioned pedagogical routines and interviews pimpoints some formulations with this purpose.

The present work aims to analyze the feminist journal Fêmea, a periodical published between
May 1992 and December 2014. Sent free of charge by Correios, it circulated nationally, its
main objective was to inform feminist and women's organizations about the legislative
procedures that occurred in the National Congress and could affect their rights. The
aforementioned periodical was produced by the Feminist Center for Studies and Advisory
Services (CFEMEA), a non-profit feminist non-governmental organization founded in 1989,
headquartered in Brasília-DF. She is part of the generation of feminist organizations that
fought for the redemocratization process in Brazil, proposing public policies and laws that are
at the origin of the National Council for Women's Rights (CNDM). In addition to respecting
the performance of the Center and its work carried out at the National Congress, this research,
anchored in feminist studies on violence against women, debates the way in which Fêmea
approached that subject. This theme had great achievements in its pages, with the fight for
more efficient legislation to protect women in situations of violence, one of its main agendas.

The aim of this study is to talk about different life experiences of migrants who arrived in Xinguara, Pará, during the 70s and 80s, in addition to those involved in the violent conflict during the struggle for land. Therefore, the memories of migrants reported in oral narratives, memories expressed in memorial writings and in videos commemorating the city’s anniversaries in 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. The oral sources were transformed into historical sources through the methodology of oral history. The methodological practice of this study focuses on the narrative act of documents, since while working with historical sources I interpreted and analyzed the report of events that communicate the migrants’ life experiences (ways of thinking, idealizations, interpretations, characterizations of reality, daily activities and different ways of leading their daily life), which was then transformed into a historical narrative. Throughout the research, there is the discussion of how the migrants’ memories and their life experiences immediately reflect or are intertwined with the violence during the struggle for land, and that they connect and interact with different means of remembering this type of violence, allowing the conclusion that there is, in Xinguara, a construction of an individual and collective identity that maintains a direct or indirect relationship with violent acts due to land struggles in the region. There is also a discussion on how the migrants’ memories, the life experiences expressed by their memories and the uses of the migrants’ memories, manifested ways of thinking and idealizations about nature and about the men who occupied Xinguara lands, connecting to a cultural network that makes up different subjects outside the Amazon who reproduce partial thoughts about the region. In another dimension, I analyze and discuss that the migrants’ memories expressed life experiences marked by an intrinsic relationship between work and life in a new environment full of challenges. An active movement permeated by physical pain and feelings such as anguish, fear and friendship, in addition to the values of their places of origin, new and old knowledge in order to “win in life.” Despite the memory of violence during the struggle for land gaining space in their reports and despite the silences of their memories, they are able to remember and express their life experiences beyond those marked by violence and beyond those that value the progress and development of the city. The experiences, which are constituted and gain meaning through memory, present these subjects acting in order to meet their needs and expectations while they restarted their lives in Xinguara.